Το νέφος είναι μια πυκνή ομίχλη αναμεμειγμένη με καπνό ή καυσαέρια αυτοκινήτου. Εμφανίζεται συχνότερα σε μεγάλες πόλεις και βιομηχανικές περιοχές. Δημιουργείται από ρύπους όπως η σκόνη και τα αέρια. Οι κοιλάδες είναι κυρίως εκτεθειμένες στην αιθαλομίχλη. Ποιοι ρύποι είναι οι πιο επιβλαβείς; Οι διοξίνες, τα φουράνια και οι πολυκυκλικοί υδρογονάνθρακες είναι οι πιο τοξικοί, προσρόφησαν σωματίδια σκόνης PM2,5. Επιπρόσθετη απειλή αποτελούν οι υψηλές συγκεντρώσεις διοξειδίου του θείου και διοξειδίου του αζώτου (αυξάνονται και υπό συνθήκες αναστροφής θερμοκρασίας). Σήμερα, η επίγνωση του τρόπου με τον οποίο η αιθαλομίχλη επηρεάζει την υγεία είναι σαφώς υψηλότερη σήμερα από ό,τι πριν από μερικά χρόνια. Ωστόσο, πολλοί άνθρωποι δεν συνειδητοποιούν ότι η μακροχρόνια έκθεση στην εισπνοή σκόνης μας εκθέτει σε σοβαρές ασθένειες από το αναπνευστικό, το καρδιαγγειακό και το νευρικό σύστημα. Πρώτα απ ‘όλα, αποφύγετε να βρίσκεστε έξω όταν η συγκέντρωση σκόνης υπερβαίνει το επίπεδο που θεωρείται σχετικά ασφαλές (για να είστε ενημερωμένοι στην Πολωνία, μπορείτε να εγκαταστήσετε μια εφαρμογή για κινητά ή να ακολουθήσετε τον ιστότοπο GIOŚ) Φορώντας μάσκες κατά της αιθαλομίχλης σε περιόδους υψηλής ρύπανσης συγκέντρωση.
Αιτίες αιθαλομίχλης στην Πολωνία
Αιτίες αιθαλομίχλης στην Ελλάδα
Πώς να αποτρέψετε την αιθαλομίχλη;
Greece is one of the richest countries in biodiversity and ecosystem diversity. Protected Areas and National Parks may constitute a key driver of sustainable development and economic revitalization of these areas. The area of Greece is almost 2.5 times smaller than the territory of Poland, yet it has a very rich and varied natural environment. It is especially blessed with a rare geomorphology, striking contrasts, as it has both beautiful and varied coasts and many rock formations such as caves and chasms. Mountain ranges account for as much as 81% of Greece’s landscape. The country has many regions of great ecological value. As a result, as many as 12 national parks were created in Greece (Poland has 23 national parks, which is twice as many). These are: We present here the 5 most important of them. Mount Olympus National Park is the oldest national park in Greece. It was established in 1938. In his bios we go into full protection. It is included in the UNESCO list. Sent limp is the mountain of the ancient gods. The highest peak – Mitikas (Mytikas 2,918 m above sea level) on the throne of Zeus. Here, the feasts of the gods are used and ambrosia is used to establish immortality. According to mythology, many ancient gods and muses, goddesses – patrons of science and art, were hosted at the feasts at Zeus. Their place was the Plateau of the Muses. It was believed that an attempt to reach the mountain of the gods always ends in death. To this day, the Greeks look at Mount Olympus with respect. Near the first coast of the Aegean Sea, Paralia, Ria Olimpijska, Leptokarya. Zakynthos National Marine Park was established in 1999 and covers an area of 52 square miles, including “Laganas Bay”, “Keri Lake” wetlands and two small islands of Strofadia. Situated in the south of Zakynthos, the third largest island in the Ionian Sea, Zakynthos National Marine Park is famous for its breeding ground for sea turtles (Caretta) in the “Mediterranean Sea”. There is a sanctuary for monk seals. Here, guests can swim or snorkel. You can explore the waters or follow the footsteps, being mindful not to worsen the turtle’s characteristic living spaces. The “Oeta National Park” was established in 1966 and includes “Mount Oeta” in the central region of Greece. “Oeta National Park” covers an area of 7,000 hectares and is the third largest national park in the country. As part of the Natura 2000 network, the park, where prosecution and other dangerous activities are prohibited, is home to no fewer than 50 endemic plant species and several untamed species of life and birds, including roe deer, wild hog, rabbit and additionally brown bears, wolves and wildcats. Travel enthusiasts visiting this park can experience fantastic bird watching opportunities, explore the caves and gaze at the historic center of Agathonos Monastery. Located in the northwest of Greece in the beautiful countryside of Epirus, the “Vikos – Aoös National Park” is 30 km from Ioannina. It is an area of over 12,600 hectares of ravines and canyons, caves, lakes and streams, and dense forests. Built in 1973, the park is home to wolves, dark bears and deer and is the most popular among the local people for outdoor exercise. In addition, it is considered a UNESCO geopark due to the wide assortment of natural living spaces within its borders. Ecotourism activities are well known here. It is not shocking that Greece also has a marine park. The Alonissos Marine Park was improved in 1992 and is one of the provider of secured sea territories in Europe. In addition to protecting the sea, the park also includes six small and 22 islands. This natural park in Greece is the perfect living space for several species of systems, including these 300 species, 80 bird species, Gioura wild goat, red coral, Audouin’s gull and Eleanor’s hawk. Visitors can explore the park by snorkeling or swimming and, if they are lucky, they may even see some seals. sightseeing, additional items and fishing (only for additional materials) for other basic activities here.
What should we know about them?
OLYMPUS NATIONAL PARK
ZAKYNTHOS NATIONAL PARK
OETA NATIONAL PARK
VIKOS- AOÖS NATIONAL PARK
ALONISSOS NATIONAL PARK
Greece is one of the richest countries in biodiversity and ecosystem diversity. Protected Areas and National Parks may constitute a key driver of sustainable development and economic revitalization of these areas. The area of Greece is almost 2.5 times smaller than the territory of Poland, yet it has a very rich and varied natural environment. It is especially blessed with a rare geomorphology, striking contrasts, as it has both beautiful and varied coasts and many rock formations such as caves and chasms. Mountain ranges account for as much as 81% of Greece’s landscape. The country has many regions of great ecological value. As a result, as many as 12 national parks were created in Greece (Poland has 23 national parks, which is twice as many). These are: We present here the 5 most important of them. Mount Olympus National Park is the oldest national park in Greece. It was established in 1938. In his bios we go into full protection. It is included in the UNESCO list. Sent limp is the mountain of the ancient gods. The highest peak – Mitikas (Mytikas 2,918 m above sea level) on the throne of Zeus. Here, the feasts of the gods are used and ambrosia is used to establish immortality. According to mythology, many ancient gods and muses, goddesses – patrons of science and art, were hosted at the feasts at Zeus. Their place was the Plateau of the Muses. It was believed that an attempt to reach the mountain of the gods always ends in death. To this day, the Greeks look at Mount Olympus with respect. Near the first coast of the Aegean Sea, Paralia, Ria Olimpijska, Leptokarya. Zakynthos National Marine Park was established in 1999 and covers an area of 52 square miles, including “Laganas Bay”, “Keri Lake” wetlands and two small islands of Strofadia. Situated in the south of Zakynthos, the third largest island in the Ionian Sea, Zakynthos National Marine Park is famous for its breeding ground for sea turtles (Caretta) in the “Mediterranean Sea”. There is a sanctuary for monk seals. Here, guests can swim or snorkel. You can explore the waters or follow the footsteps, being mindful not to worsen the turtle’s characteristic living spaces. The “Oeta National Park” was established in 1966 and includes “Mount Oeta” in the central region of Greece. “Oeta National Park” covers an area of 7,000 hectares and is the third largest national park in the country. As part of the Natura 2000 network, the park, where prosecution and other dangerous activities are prohibited, is home to no fewer than 50 endemic plant species and several untamed species of life and birds, including roe deer, wild hog, rabbit and additionally brown bears, wolves and wildcats. Travel enthusiasts visiting this park can experience fantastic bird watching opportunities, explore the caves and gaze at the historic center of Agathonos Monastery. Located in the northwest of Greece in the beautiful countryside of Epirus, the “Vikos – Aoös National Park” is 30 km from Ioannina. It is an area of over 12,600 hectares of ravines and canyons, caves, lakes and streams, and dense forests. Built in 1973, the park is home to wolves, dark bears and deer and is the most popular among the local people for outdoor exercise. In addition, it is considered a UNESCO geopark due to the wide assortment of natural living spaces within its borders. Ecotourism activities are well known here. It is not shocking that Greece also has a marine park. The Alonissos Marine Park was improved in 1992 and is one of the provider of secured sea territories in Europe. In addition to protecting the sea, the park also includes six small and 22 islands. This natural park in Greece is the perfect living space for several species of systems, including these 300 species, 80 bird species, Gioura wild goat, red coral, Audouin’s gull and Eleanor’s hawk. Visitors can explore the park by snorkeling or swimming and, if they are lucky, they may even see some seals. sightseeing, additional items and fishing (only for additional materials) for other basic activities here.
What should we know about them?
OLYMPUS NATIONAL PARK
ZAKYNTHOS NATIONAL PARK
OETA NATIONAL PARK
VIKOS- AOÖS NATIONAL PARK
ALONISSOS NATIONAL PARK
Smog is a dense fog mixed with smoke or car exhaust fumes. It most often appears in large cities and industrial areas. It is created by pollutants such as dust and gases. The valleys are mostly exposed to smog. Which pollutants are the most harmful? Dioxins, furans and polycyclic hydrocarbons are the most toxic, they adsorbed PM2.5 dust particles. An additional threat is the high concentrations of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide (they also increase under the conditions of temperature inversion).
Causes of smog in Poland
- Industry – The main cause of smog in Poland is industry, it is responsible for the emission of 21.1% of PM2.5 dust. The main problem are petrochemical plants, metal smelters, as well as the garment industry.
- Transport – Road transport produces as much as 10% of PM2.5 in the atmosphere. Motor vehicles produce a lot of sulfur and nitrogen oxides, which have a negative impact on human health. The concentration of traffic pollution is highest in large cities near busy streets.
- Agriculture – 2.1% of PM2.5 dust ends up in the atmosphere as a result of farm operations. The reason is using nitrogen fertilizers, which leads to the formation of ammonium ions that spread over long distances. They combine with pollutants from other sources, leading to the formation of particulate matter.
Causes of smog in Greece
- Agriculture – Greece is famous for a wide variety of vegetables, fruits and plants, the production of which begins with cultivation. They grow on natural or artificial fertilizers, which contribute to the emission of ammonia.
- Tourism – Due to besutiful values, this country has developed tourism, which is also associated with problems. Cars, planes, buses, motorcycles, ski lifts, snow groomers, snow cannons emit harmful compounds. They contribute to acid rainfall that destroys nature. They also cause noise that disturbs animals and may change their behavior.
- Forest fires – Fires are also a big problem for the coastal country. A significant amount of carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere, which begins to spread with the wind. The direct effect of fires is also total or partial damage to plants that are responsible for the production of oxygen.
How to protect yourself from smog?
Nowadays, the awareness of how smog affects health is clearly higher today than it was a few years ago. Still, many people do not realize that long-term exposure to inhalation of dust exposes us to serious diseases from the respiratory, cardiovascular and nervous systems. First of all, avoid being outside when the dust concentration exceeds the level considered relatively safe (in order to be up to date in Poland, you can install a mobile application or follow the website GIOŚ)Wearing anti-smog masks during periods of high pollution concentration.
How to prevent smog?
The most effective method of counteracting smog is the introduction with regulations that would ban using the old, substandard furnaces and the burning of poor-quality coal products,Limit car driving,Do not burn waste such as plastic, tires, clothes,Connecting single-family houses to the municipal network will eliminate the problem of burning in old stoves.